Chuck Norris benutzt keine Augentropfen. Er benutzt Tabasco. Na, heute schon gelacht? Der Volksmund weiß, „Lachen ist die beste Medizin“. Und tatsächlich ist die positive Wirkung des Lachens auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden nachgewiesen – ganz ohne
Nebenwirkungen!
Lachen wirkt positiv auf den Körper. So kann es Herz- und Kreislaufbeschwerden vorbeugen
[12] und das
Immunsystem sowie die Atmung stärken
[15].
Lachen kann die negativen Folgen von Erkrankungen abmildern. So konnte beispielsweise gezeigt werden, dass bei Patienten mit COPD Sinn für Humor mit weniger depressiven Symptomen und Ängsten und mehr Lebensqualität verbunden war [10].
In einer Übersichtsarbeit kommt Yim [15] zu dem Schluss, dass Lachen positiv wirkt auf:
- Stress, Ängstlichkeit, Depressionen und Anspannung
- Stimmung, Selbstbewusstsein, Energie und Hoffnung
- geistige Leistungsfähigkeit wie Gedächtnis, Kreativität und Problemlösen
- Zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen, Anziehung und Nähe
- Freundlichkeit, Hilfsbereitschaft und Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl
- Psychologisches Wohlbefinden und Lebensqualität
Leider gibt es bisher keine Studie zu Lachen bei Endometriose-Patientinnen.
Neben den allgemeinen gesundheitlichen Effekten hilft Lachen auch gegen Schmerzen. Lachen kann die Schmerzempfindlichkeit reduzieren, also die Schmerzentoleranz verbessern [1,5].
Die Wissenschaftlerin Stephanie Lapierre und Kollegen ließ Personen jeweils eine 30-minütige langweilige Dokumentation schauen und ein 30-minütiges lustiges Video [9]. Im Vergleich zur langweiligen Dokumentation wurden nach dem Schauen des lustigen Videos Schmerzen weniger schnell als solche wahrgenommen.
Bezogen auf chronische Schmerzen, konnte z.B. bei 41 Frauen mit rheumatoider Arthritis das Level eines Hormons, das mit Schmerzen assoziiert wird, durch das Hören einer lustigen Geschichte auf das Niveau der gesunden Vergleichsgruppe gesenkt werden [7].
Wissenschaftler nehmen als Ursache ausgeschüttete Glückshormone an, die Schmerzen und Stress reduzieren können. Lachen löst zudem Anspannungen und Muskelverspannungen [1, 5,15]. Bei der schmerzlindernden Wirkung von Lachen werden auch Effekte von Ablenkung, positivem Coping oder sozialen Aspekten angenommen [11].
Insgesamt sind die Befunde noch gemischt. Wichtig für die Wirksamkeit von Humor auf Schmerzen in Experimenten scheint zu sein, dass die Art des Humors zur Person passt und sie sich z.B. den lustigen Film selbst ausgesucht hat [11].
Um die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden durch Lachen zu fördern, wurde die Lachtherapie entwickelt. Als ihr Begründer gilt Norman Cousins. Er selbst litt unter chronischen Schmerzen aufgrund einer rheumatischen Erkrankung. Nachdem er entdeckt hatte, dass er nach zehn Minuten herzlichem Lachen keine Schmerzen mehr spürte und zwei Stunden lang schmerzfrei schlafen konnte, widmete er sich fortan der Erforschung des Lachens [4].
„Each patient carries his own doctor inside him.“, „Laughter is inner jogging.“
„Never deny a diagnosis, but do deny the negative verdict that may go with it.“ – Norman Cousins
Lachtherapie kann unterschiedlich gestaltet werden. Beispielsweise werden lustige Videos, Geschichten, Spiele, Musik oder Witze verwendet [11]. Oder es wird den Teilnehmern geholfen, selbst lustige Bücher, Fotos, Witze, Filme oder Cartoons zu gestalten. Außerdem wird geübt, Humor im Alltag zu nutzen [14].
In einer Übersichtsarbeit zur Lachtherapie wurden 10 Studien mit insgesamt 814 Teilnehmern ausgewertet. Die Autoren kommen zu dem Schluss, dass Lachtherapie effektiv depressive Symptome und Ängste reduzieren und die Schlafqualität verbessern kann [16]. Durch Lachtherapie kann z.B. auch die Lebensqualität von Pflegeheim-Bewohnern verbessert werden [6,8]. Lebensqualität und Resilienz von Frauen nach einer Brustkrebserkrankung [2] und die Müdigkeit von jungen Müttern nach der Geburt können verbessert werden [13]. Und zuletzt kann Lachtherapie bei Frauen, die eine künstliche Befruchtung bekommen, Ängste und den Stress in dieser besonderen Situation reduzieren [3]. In diesem Sinne:
Chuck Norris lacht nicht nur zuletzt, sondern auch zuerst am besten.
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